复杂地形下风力机尾流数值模拟研究和激光雷达实验对比

以CFD数值计算和实验相结合的方法,对处于中国西南某多山地区陆上风电场的尾流特性进行研究,验证不同数值方法在复杂地形的适用性。首先采用2台激光雷达,测量目标风力机一个月内的自由来流风速和尾流廓线,在地形上坡加速效应下,不同大气稳定度下目标风力机的自由来流风速廓线均呈负梯度。然后分别采用经典致动盘和改进致动盘法,模拟目标风力机在主风向下的尾流发展。不同于只有风速与压降关系的经典致动盘法,改进致动盘法更考虑了叶片几何和气动参数(尺寸信息、攻角、桨距角、升阻力系数等)。通过与后置激光雷达尾流测试结果对比,这2种基于CFD技术的数值模拟方法,计算网格相同,计算时间相当,且均能较好地模拟因为复杂地形而引起的尾流偏转;其中改进致动盘的尾流形状与激光雷达相似,速度亏损也更接近激光雷达结果。因此,改进致动盘法更适合于复杂地形条件下风场模拟,较好平衡了计算的效率与精度。     

无烟煤制工业燃气项目原料煤价与经济性的关系分析

针对我国建材行业传统使用的常压固定床煤气发生炉及化肥行业固定床间歇气化炉面临淘汰,无烟煤市场萎缩的情况,提出以晋城无烟煤为原料,利用赛鼎碎煤加压气化技术,生产适合建材行业大规模使用的工业燃气。以无烟煤为原料的河北沙河年产26亿m^3工业清洁燃气项目为基础,对无烟煤与天然气价格、项目经济性的关系进行了分析,结果表明,以晋城无烟块煤运到河北沙河的到厂价935元/t计算,盈亏平衡天然气价约2.26元/m^3;以沙河工业天然气到户售价2.5元/m^3计算,盈亏平衡到厂煤价约1 077元/t,项目经济性较好。     

定向长钻孔整体水力压裂增透技术在赵固二矿的应用

针对赵固二矿煤层透气性低、钻孔有效影响半径小，实施定向长钻孔代替底板岩巷进行区域瓦斯治理期间钻孔工程量大、瓦斯抽采效果不理想的问题。结合煤层赋存特征及钻孔施工情况，采用定向长钻孔整体水力压裂增透技术，理论分析了合理坐封位置、压裂参数，完成200 m煤巷条带一次整体压裂，最大泵注压力24.3 MPa、累计注水量1 613 m³。并基于煤层全水分变化，考察确定了单个钻孔压裂影响范围达到巷道两帮30 m，有效改善了煤体储层特性，提高了煤层瓦斯抽采效率。在实现定向钻孔对预抽煤巷条带可靠控制的同时，最大程度降低了钻孔工程量、缩短了瓦斯治理周期，为实现矿区“以孔代巷”及高效安全开采提供了技术支撑。     

Efficient construction and enriched selective adsorption-photocatalytic activity of PVA/PANI/TiO2 recyclable hydrogel by electron beam radiation

Enriched selective adsorption-photocatalytic activity of Poly (vinyl alcohol)/Polyaniline/TiO₂ (PVA/PANI/TiO₂, noted as PAT) recyclable hydrogel photocatalyst with 3D structures were prepared by self-assembling and electron beam radiation crosslingking method. TiO₂ nanoparticles were successfully introduced into the 3D matrix of the PVA/PANI hydrogel and manifested by FTIR, TG, XRD, XPS, and SEM-EDS. The microstructure of PAT was characterized further by SEM, TEM, and BET. The highly selective adsorption-photocatalytic activity of PAT was tested by the degradation of cationic or anionic dye and reduction of heavy metal ion in a closed and flow system under UV light irradiation. The results showed that PAT had a highest selective adsorption-photocatalytic performance at the appropriate content of PVA (10 wt %), TiO₂ (15 wt %) and suitable radiation dose (50 kGy), which could be attributed to the synergistic effect of excellent selective adsorption and effective photocatalytic degradation. The mechanism of selective adsorption-photocatalytic on PAT was revealed synchronously in this study. Particularly, the novel PAT photocatalyst with 3D network structure also affords ease of separation and recycling, which is beneficial to water purification in a flow system. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48516.     

Spiraling elliptic breathers in nonlocal nonlinear media with linear anisotropy

The dynamical properties of spiraling elliptic breathers in nonlocal nonlinear media with linear anisotropy are analytically discussed. Using a two-dimensional asynchronous fractional Fourier transform, the exact analytical solutions of spiraling elliptic breathers are obtained to the nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation with unequal diffraction coefficients in the highly nonlocal limit. It is found that the spiraling elliptic breathers exhibit a kind of molecule-like libration due to the combined effects of the linear anisotropy and the orbital angular momentum. The angular velocity of the spiraling elliptic breathers is discussed, which can be controlled by the linear anisotropy parameter. In the media with linear anisotropy such as uniaxial crystals, the angular velocity of the spiraling elliptic breathers can be controlled by changing the propagation directions of optical beams. Furthermore, the nonlinearity of media is found to enhance the rotation effect of spiraling elliptic breathers.     

Enhanced piezoelectric strain of BiFeO3–Ba(Zr0.02Ti0.98)O3 lead-free ceramics near the phase boundary

The xBiFeO₃-(1-x)Ba(Zr_0.02Ti_0.98)O₃ + 1.0 mol% MnO₂ (xBF-BZT) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by conventional solid-state reaction method. The structure, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties were studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that xBF-BZT ceramics exhibited pure perovskite structure with the coexistence of tetragonal and rhombohedral phases (0.66 ≤ x ≤ 0.74). The Curie temperature T_c, the dielectric constant ε_r (1 kHz), dielectric loss tanδ (1 kHz), piezoelectric constant d₃₃, coercive field E_c (80 kV/cm), and remnant polarization P_r (80 kV/cm) of 0.7BF-0.3BZT-Mn ceramics were 491°C, 633, 0.044, 165 pC/N, 35.6 kV/cm, and 22.6 μC/cm², respectively. The unipolar strain of 0.7BF-0.3BZT reached up to 0.20% under the electric field of 60 kV/cm, which is larger than that (0.15%) of BiFeO₃–BaTiO₃ ceramics. These results indicated that the xBF-BZT ceramics were promising candidates for high-temperature piezoelectric materials.     

我国硫化矿石自燃防治关键技术研究现状及发展趋势

为了给我国金属矿山硫化矿石自燃灾害防治技术发展提供决策依据，根据近年来国内外有关硫化矿石自燃行为特征及其防治技术的研究现状，系统阐述了硫化矿石自燃机制、预测预报技术、综合治理技术等重点领域的研究进展；结合当前金属矿山自燃灾害现状和冶金工业发展形势，指出了硫化矿石自燃演化机制、准确探测火源位置、监测与预警技术、防灭火技术与装备和提高防控效能等关键技术问题仍是未来重点研发方向；硫化矿石自燃灾害防治技术的可持续科学发展对于保障金属矿山安全高效开采与促进生态环境保护具有重要意义。